Educational Technology

IntroductionThe of surmount acquisition courses , of those existing in tribal colleges and the impression of introducing DL into other trib each(prenominal)y controlled g e trulywherenings , is the follo pass ong compilation of information questing for the respond if infinite development computer programmes have a benefit to those inwardly the tribal and arriere pen break communities . Several subs provide be discussed end-to-end the course of the document , c everywhere the s of tribal colleges and nigh chronicle in relation to the formation of this donnishian world ( finished psychometric test of two college programs , highlights of outperform tallying programs and their contents br brief details regarding current modesty life , and the encyclopedism styles , based on traditional upbringing and values , of domestic Ameri arse bookmans , along with profound percentages of drop- start sites , proceeding to a conclusionTribal CollegesTwo tribal colleges , of the 24 tribally controlled institutions (2002 Oglala Lakota College and northwestern Indian College , stand out for exami population of history , degree offerings , and availability of distance skill programsOglala Lakota CollegeThe first tribally controlled college in the United States , OLC is located in Kyle , atomic number 16 Dakota this is the main center , otherwise known as Plya Wiconi (OLC website . Since its beginnings , several(prenominal) other sites have been set up without the subject to facilitate educating tribal communities , of the Lakota nation in particular . This schoolman institution is located on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation , considered the poorest reservation , by economic standards . Sancti sensationd and governed by the tribe , the college seeks to meet the needs of the reservation residents in pursual of higher accomplishment . A 13 member table of Trustees , comprised of nine reservation district re pointatives , two tribal council members , one OST president or someone of designation , and one educatee representative , oversee decisions , new ideas , projects plans , etcChartered in 1971 as the Lakota command Center , OLC started as a non-accredited learning center for tribal residents , utilisationing in correlation with Bneediness Hills State College , University of sulfur Dakota and South Dakota State University with various degree programs Although considered a complex disciplineal system , it was functional for students assureing those beginning eld (OLC website . The first associate degrees were awarded in 1974 , and in 1978 , the college s name changed to Oglala Sioux conjunction College . Degree offerings at the time were : BA Elementary information , AA raising , General Studies , and Lakota Studies , along with AS Human work and NursingThe 1980s saw many changes for OLC , starting with eligibility for accreditation in 1983 , along with a nonher name change which reflected the status from a confederacy college to a quatern year academic institution along with using proper terms , according to linguistics and cultural aw atomic number 18ness . Oglala Lakota College became the name for the college there is no word in the fraternity s language for the word Sioux , therefore the word Lakota , implication the plenty , came into use (OLC website . 1987 into the decade of the 90s , specifically 1992 and 1994 , saw expansions with existing programs and degree availability . The following degrees became available to students : BA Lakota Studies , BS Human Services and Applied Sciences , and MA Tribal LeadershipCurrently , in regards to distance learning programs , the Information Technology department for OLC uses distance learning /online program tools otherwise , the idea of creating and utilizing a fully functional and meshingable-both for the college and the student body-distance learning program is under examination for consideration of expansion of the college s available programs . OLC board members believe in the philosophy of online courses , because of the c erstpt of self-paced arousevas , female genital organ present an opportunity to fit academia into regular life (OLC websiteNorthwest Indian CollegeFounded in 1973 on the Lummi Indian Reservation in capital of the United States State NWIC began as the Lummi Indian School of Aquaculture to this day , this academic establishment stands as the only accredited tribal college covering the states of Washington , Oregon , and Idaho (NWIC website Since the beginning , the philosophy of NWIC has been to provide post-secondary education inwardly the reservation confederation and that self-aw beness serves as the foundation for achieving boldness esteem , a true sense of pride , focuses on building a c atomic number 18r , creating a self-sufficient life-style , and promoting life-long learning through the study of culture , values , and history of the people of the tribal community (NWIC websiteThe Lummi Indian Business Council ac experience the educational needs of the community in 1983 , and therefore hire the school as the Lummi Community College . Five years afterwards , the college was approved for accreditation by the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges but was not granted full accreditation until 1993 . 1989 saw the name change once again , and the academic establishment became known as the Northwest Indian College , becoming recognized as a four year academic establishment (NWIC website . The degrees and certificates available through the college argon : AA primal Ameri terminate Studies , Oksale Native Education , and General select Transfer Degree AS Life Sciences AT chemical substance Dependency Studies , Computer Maintenance and Networking , and distinguish Program . credentials programs be : Native American Studies , Computer Repair Technician , and Individualized ProgramNorthwest Indian College currently has a fully functional distance learning program , which covers three different availabilities for learning past from the campus environment . Live interactive video which utilizes K-20 Network (specifically in regards to the tri-state coverage , and connects the following tribal communities , to learning through the net profit : Makah , Swinomish , Tulalip , and Chief Leschi On-line learning uses WebCT (other tribal colleges be routine towards this outlet for learning or experimenting with its availability and usage , which offers web-based courses this can be constitutionally online study or implemented as a supplemental content to a standard classroom course . Students with a computer , web browser , and tie-in to the internet atomic number 18 eligible for this program outlet . indie learning taking another direction , is an individual , self-paced study directed by an instructor through the use of compose materials or weekly teleconferences or videotapes . Communication between instructor and student occurs through phone , fax , or email (NWIC websiteDistance Learning ProgramsAs early as 2002 , growth in on-line distance programs has been noticed At the time , over half(prenominal) a million students were enrolled for the 2001-2002 academic year . Turning that into knowledge dollars , the investment for on-line enrollment stood at 2 .4 cardinal (Gallagher 2003 . A 40 annual growth was predicted to follow in the 2003-2004 academic year , which signified a 5 cast up in distance learning programsDistance learning seems to be render by the development and technical advances of web-based technology (Gruedemann , 2007 . The consistency of servicing local communities , and reaching out to long distance learners as well (considered the newest wave in marketing techniques to continue earning kale for colleges offering distance learning programs fashioning the programs accessible and flexile to braggart(a) students , based on quality and cost , enchantment addressing various program requirements , is the basis of distance learning programs , embrace various rules of accomplishing academic goals (Gallagher , 2003 . Although some faculty members and students struggle to learn and teach within the guidelines of altered roles , and there is evidence of lack of face to face interaction , the benefits of distance learning programs are found through the ease of determined time for analyse and meeting assignment in motivating the student to satiate part in acquiring knowledge preparation for real-life work is much tangible , critical thinking skills improve with fissiparous study , and a mirth with the learning style can be noted among some students (Gruendemann , 2007Reservation life-current conditionsAlthough , since the first finish up and over the course of history European Americans have often kinky the reality of Native American communities through romanticizism , stereotyping , and appropriating spirituality , the diametral is to be found within the tribal community (Waller , Okamoto , Hankerson , Hibbeler , Hibbeler , McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker , 2002There are currently 202 tribes , with 1 .5 million residing on reservation reach . Native Americans living on reservations still continue to hump high rates of un occupation and low life expectancy among the highest anyplace in the country . Reservations much(prenominal) as the Cheyenne Indian River Reservation , located in South Dakota , lacks water systems making sanitary conditions nearly impotential , and the tribal members who are carry , survive on less than one-third of the American just income (Gundrum , 2007 . The best known example of poor living conditions and the nation s most economically devastated community is the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation , also located in South Dakota . This reservation has been the focal point of many all the samets in history the wounded Knee Massacre of 1890 which US cavalry men massacred three hundred men women , and children , the AIM (American Indian Movement ) headquarters of the mid-seventies , several stand offs between traditionalists and the federal government , resulting in historical events such as the Leonard Peltier episode of 1977 (Gundrum , 2007Native American students and learning stylesIn 1979 , the BIA (Bureau of Indian Affairs , funded 14 , 600 undergraduate students and 700 graduate students of those song 1 ,639 received undergraduate degrees and 434 graduate degrees (Waller Okamoto , Hankerson , Hibbeler , Hibbeler , McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker 2002 . As of 2002 , 24 tribally controlled colleges were serving 10 ,000 students . Even with the increase in verse for student enrollment with tribal colleges , there are significantly low percentages of students moving from the high school environment to college academics . Native American students have a high school drop-out rate of over 50 , and are considered the American minority to to the lowest degree likely to enroll and eventually graduate from college (Waller , Okamoto , Hankerson , Hibbeler Hibbeler , McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker , 2002 . Why are these figures so high ? The question arises if distance learning program availability could possibly forge this percentage around and note it instead of allowing it to remain consistent or worse case , rise in the near futureThe educational traditions of Indigenous peoplesFor educating children and adolescents in the native communities , each nation has , according to traditions and beliefs , its own principles and methods . literal history and teaching stories , the most noted methodology of teaching for native children , has long been regarded within tribal communities to be a valuable asset of learing this is followed by ceremonies , such as puberty rites (typically for girls moving into womanhood ) and sweat lodge purification (mostly newfangled boys moving into manhood , by way of vision quests or hunting .

Apprenticeships , long used before European contact , typically with valuateed members of the tribal community or with relatives such as grandparents , aunts , uncles etc . are still found to be in use , along with learning games , which in times at peace(p) by , prepared children for adult roles as providers protectors and nurturing figures within their tribal communities . The most overlooked educational tool of native children , and considering all children everywhere in the world , is the classic observation of adults otherwise known as the see , then do method (Waller , Okamoto Hankerson , Hibbeler , Hibbeler , McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker , 2002In tribal societies , from pre-European contact to the present , a member of the people is judged by one s contribution to the group as a whole rather than the Euro-centric philosophy of individualized achievements Tribal members are considered an essential part of his or her community therefore achievements are accomplished for the benefit of the entire community . More tolerate teaching and learning strategies may be found through role modeling and cooperative learning styles (Waller Okamoto , Hankerson , Hibbeler , Hibbeler , McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker 2002 . To compete to win over someone else in the community , without regard for respect for one another , is considered disrespectful and dishonorable . To disregard the entire community for the needs or desires of the individual is to for ram universe part of the web of lifeThe concept of time may be a difficult part of the distance learning program baseline for tribal colleges , as within the tribal community activities or actions are carried through until complete there is no concept of McIntyre , and McAllen-Walker , 2002 Rigid schedules of certain distance learning programs could possible cause conflict with traditional teachings within the tribal communities , although schedules are consistent with the concept of obtaining and maintaining Satis cistrony Progress within the distance learning program grammatical construction (OLC websiteConclusionIn conclusion , distance learning programs can be an asset to the tribal communities of which the tribal colleges are reaching out to serve Tribally controlled colleges have been serving their communities since the establishment of such academic institutions , and to move into distance learning programs can only profit students of the tribal community . Native American students , taught within the traditional structure of their individual nations , can alter to the distance learning structure of flexibility , active learning-facilitating more than than of a hands-on approach to learning , which in turn improves the concept of critical thinking . Working with the time factor may create more ease with following through with a study , which in turn results in satisfaction with the learning style being presented , and in turn creating a more realistic approach to preparing for the goal of the student : to apply what is learned to real life and to see the rewards of the journey do to real-life work and the ultimate benefits for the betterment of the tribal communityThe concept of more distance program availability within the tribal college structure can also possibly give back to the community in the way of bringing the percentage of high-school drop outs calibrate , creating a motivation to keep those figures down and for Native American students to excel in the academic world to achieve goals that , even though may appear to be based on individual satisfaction and achievement , the results can be taken back into the tribal communities to benefit the nation as a wholeDistance learning programs are also reaching out to adult learners in the tribal communities , as more and more adults are returning to achieve or finish educational goals . Adults within the community still carry influence as to what children and adolescents will choose to do with their own lives , continuing to foster the see , then do methodology of learning . If adults within the tribal community can achieve success within the academic structure , then the influence upon the youth of the community can be a positive oneAlso , as more and more colleges are experiencing lower enrollments for the more traditional programs , be they tribal colleges or academic institutions not in correlation with the reservation communities , a method of keeping enrollment figures consistent is being examined experimented with , trialed through success and failure , and seeing results in obtaining and maintaining student numbers . Not all students have the ability to attend more traditional programs , either as full-time , on campus students , or even as part-time , extended over a loner period of time . More and more students are noted as individuals with families , full time employment , life changes that have facilitated seeking out continuing education , and wanting to improve the quality of their own lives , along with the lives of their families and communities Education is moving away from the classroom environment to a more realistic approach to being able to apply acquired knowledge to real life and to be able to implement that very knowledge to every day lifeWorks CitedGallagher , S . 2003 . Maximum profit and ROI in distance ed : Planning to refineor launch your online learning programs ? University Press , May 2003Gruendemann , B . 2007 . Distance learning and perioperative care for AORNJournal . March 2007Gundrum , Gretchen . 2007 . Indian reservations : Land for the IndianMLA formatted research . April 2007Wallner , M Okamoto , S Hankerson , A Hibbeler , T Hibbeler ,br McIntyreP and McAllen-Walker , R . The hoop of learning : A holistic , multi-systemic model for facilitating educational resilience among indigenousstudents . Journal of Sociology and kind Welfare . March 2002Northwest Indian CollegeOglala Lakota CollegePAGEPAGE 1 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: Orderessay

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