Chinese Literature

Mevery timbers atomic number 18 as much restricted by internal voices of oppression as by external voices, for they have internalized social, political and sexual restrictions.

angiotensin-converting enzyme of the traditional cultural systems of restriction for the person is Confucianism. As Hsia writes in Lau et al.,

Confucianism, insofar as it is identifiable with the gentry and the official establishment, does not fare much better: the hypocritical military personnel ever mouthing proverbs and getting angry with the wicked modern ways is an goal of derision in some of our selections (Lau xiv).

The bulk of the actors may be said to be critical of Confucianism and other forces restricting individualism, simply there is little hope given by any of those authors that individualism has any chance of triumphing over those forces. The Confucian "gentleman" is certainly an object of derision, but he and his ilk are the ones who run Chinese society and maintain standards, traditions, restrictions and other obstacles to the air of the individual.

Bei Dao's poem "An Artist's Life" tells the story of a creative individual being gradually worn down by inhibitory cultural forces which finally turn him into an agent of repression himself. He is coherent about by his mother, who tells him to "go buy a radis

Once a grapheme is pull to paper, he assumes an objective existence independent of the author's will. If this is not the case, the character is lifeless. When the author is faced with such a living character as Lin Chen, he is put to the test: Can he arrive at a sober, comprehensive, and proper evaluation of the character, and limn his true nature? Will the author propagate moderate proletarian ideas with his portrayal of this character? In this instance, the author failed the test (Meng 513).

Xue, Can. Old Floating Cloud. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 1991.

She began to recall that when she had do the crest she had had to embroider it, then take it out, altogether common chord times. Once her perspiration had discolored the delicate yellow withdraw. She didn't discover it until she was through embroidering. Another time she used the wrong color of super C for the rock. She had mistaken the color while embroidering at night. . . . For the light intercept of the lotus petals, she didn't dare just take up the thread after washing her hands. She had sprinkled her hands with talcum powder in advance touching it (Lau 199).

The Confucian ideal is revealed by such a portrait to be false and hypocritical. The Confucian is shown not to be a true individual, but rather a somnambulate being who lives and acts in ignorance, fearful that his weaknesses will be exposed. He does not honor individualism in himself, and fears it in others. He wants to control his children and all those around him, in complete inattention of Confucius' actual teachings of respect, humility, gentleness, kindness, sympathy and charity.

Meng, Wang. "A Young Man Arrives at the Organization Department." People's Literature. September 1956.

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